TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivanković, Mladenka
PY  - 2007
UR  - https://www.jevrejskadigitalnabiblioteka.rs/handle/123456789/1381
UR  - http://media.hereticus.org/2014/12/Hereticus-3-4-2007-FINAL.pdf
AB  - Na osnovu analize 127 pojedinačnih, novih i do sada neobraljivanih
dokumenata - molbi, pritužbi i žalbi građana upućenih Kabinetu Maršala
Jugoslavije u periodu 1945-1951. godine, kao i na osnovu relevantne postojeće
literature, izvršili smo, u meri u kojoj je to bilo moguće, rekonstrukciju stava
vlasti nove Jugoslavije o rešavanju pitanja razdvojenih porodica u posmatranom
periodu.
AB  - On the basis of the analysis of 127 individual, new and non-processed documents (complaints, requests and citizens' appeals) submitted to the Cabinet of the Supreme Commander of Yugoslavia in the period from 1945 to 1951, as well as according to the existing literature, we made a reconstruction of the position of the government of new Yugoslavia on solving the issue of separated families in this time period. Due to the difficult economic situation, a considerable number of inhabitants left the Kingdom of Yugoslavia until the outbreak of the Second World War. Their departure was primarily motivated by economic considerations, and had as its definite result, employment in the countries of acceptance, adoption of the local citizenship, naturalization and taking up permanent residence. These economic migrants left behind their families with whom they stayed in touch, and once they had acquired real-estates and the necessary financial possibilities, they would collect the documents to bring the remaining members of their nuclear families (wives and children) to their new homeland. The way the families of the economic migrants could obtain the emigration passports was legally set down by the Law on Emigration of August 1923. The beginning of the Second World War disrupted all spheres of human life, including further emigration aimed at bringing families together. Once the war was over, it seemed the conditions for the process of reuniting families, which had been interrupted by the war, were propitious. However, the matter of issuing passports in the period under review was not regulated by new laws of the newly constituted Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, i.e. the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia, so by default and in keeping with the usual theory and practice of law application, (which stipulate that lacking the newer legally defined and codified legislation the legal acts according to territorial principle are to be applied, i.e. that the existing laws of states which had existed in a given territory should be observed as binding, even though these states had experienced territorial and social reform) the existing legal stipulations of the pre-war time were applied. As regards the possibility of enjoying the right to obtain a passport for leaving Yugoslavia with the aim of uniting with one’s family in the period under scrutiny, we can distinguish three periods. The most propitious period for acquiring passports was during the functioning of the temporary government of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, at the time armed activities had ceased. Comparatively propitious period was the one until May 1951. The supreme Communist Party organ of the new Yugoslavia issued a decree on the way the passport applications of the families of economic migrants were to be handled. This decree had the de facto force of law. Immediately after passing the decree, the Departments of Passports and Border Service of Ministries of the Interior of all republics were sent a circular letter dealing with the way applications for the above-mentioned passports were to be handled. The circular letter was meant only for internal use and in some cases, it perceptibly limited the rights foreseen by the Decree.
PB  - Beograd : Centar za unapređivanje pravnih studija
T2  - Hereticus : časopis za preispitivanje prošlosti
T1  - Stav vlasti nove Jugoslavije po pitanju rešavanja problema razdvojenih porodica (1945-1952)
T1  - Position of the Government of the New Yugoslavia on Resolving the Problems of Separated Families (1945-1952)
SP  - 85
EP  - 101
IS  - 3-4
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_jdb_1381
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ivanković, Mladenka",
year = "2007",
abstract = "Na osnovu analize 127 pojedinačnih, novih i do sada neobraljivanih
dokumenata - molbi, pritužbi i žalbi građana upućenih Kabinetu Maršala
Jugoslavije u periodu 1945-1951. godine, kao i na osnovu relevantne postojeće
literature, izvršili smo, u meri u kojoj je to bilo moguće, rekonstrukciju stava
vlasti nove Jugoslavije o rešavanju pitanja razdvojenih porodica u posmatranom
periodu., On the basis of the analysis of 127 individual, new and non-processed documents (complaints, requests and citizens' appeals) submitted to the Cabinet of the Supreme Commander of Yugoslavia in the period from 1945 to 1951, as well as according to the existing literature, we made a reconstruction of the position of the government of new Yugoslavia on solving the issue of separated families in this time period. Due to the difficult economic situation, a considerable number of inhabitants left the Kingdom of Yugoslavia until the outbreak of the Second World War. Their departure was primarily motivated by economic considerations, and had as its definite result, employment in the countries of acceptance, adoption of the local citizenship, naturalization and taking up permanent residence. These economic migrants left behind their families with whom they stayed in touch, and once they had acquired real-estates and the necessary financial possibilities, they would collect the documents to bring the remaining members of their nuclear families (wives and children) to their new homeland. The way the families of the economic migrants could obtain the emigration passports was legally set down by the Law on Emigration of August 1923. The beginning of the Second World War disrupted all spheres of human life, including further emigration aimed at bringing families together. Once the war was over, it seemed the conditions for the process of reuniting families, which had been interrupted by the war, were propitious. However, the matter of issuing passports in the period under review was not regulated by new laws of the newly constituted Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, i.e. the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia, so by default and in keeping with the usual theory and practice of law application, (which stipulate that lacking the newer legally defined and codified legislation the legal acts according to territorial principle are to be applied, i.e. that the existing laws of states which had existed in a given territory should be observed as binding, even though these states had experienced territorial and social reform) the existing legal stipulations of the pre-war time were applied. As regards the possibility of enjoying the right to obtain a passport for leaving Yugoslavia with the aim of uniting with one’s family in the period under scrutiny, we can distinguish three periods. The most propitious period for acquiring passports was during the functioning of the temporary government of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, at the time armed activities had ceased. Comparatively propitious period was the one until May 1951. The supreme Communist Party organ of the new Yugoslavia issued a decree on the way the passport applications of the families of economic migrants were to be handled. This decree had the de facto force of law. Immediately after passing the decree, the Departments of Passports and Border Service of Ministries of the Interior of all republics were sent a circular letter dealing with the way applications for the above-mentioned passports were to be handled. The circular letter was meant only for internal use and in some cases, it perceptibly limited the rights foreseen by the Decree.",
publisher = "Beograd : Centar za unapređivanje pravnih studija",
journal = "Hereticus : časopis za preispitivanje prošlosti",
title = "Stav vlasti nove Jugoslavije po pitanju rešavanja problema razdvojenih porodica (1945-1952), Position of the Government of the New Yugoslavia on Resolving the Problems of Separated Families (1945-1952)",
pages = "85-101",
number = "3-4",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_jdb_1381"
}

Ivanković, M.. (2007). Stav vlasti nove Jugoslavije po pitanju rešavanja problema razdvojenih porodica (1945-1952). in Hereticus : časopis za preispitivanje prošlosti
Beograd : Centar za unapređivanje pravnih studija.(3-4), 85-101.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_jdb_1381

Ivanković M. Stav vlasti nove Jugoslavije po pitanju rešavanja problema razdvojenih porodica (1945-1952). in Hereticus : časopis za preispitivanje prošlosti. 2007;(3-4):85-101.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_jdb_1381 .

Ivanković, Mladenka, "Stav vlasti nove Jugoslavije po pitanju rešavanja problema razdvojenih porodica (1945-1952)" in Hereticus : časopis za preispitivanje prošlosti, no. 3-4 (2007):85-101,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_jdb_1381 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivanković, Mladenka
PY  - 2006
UR  - http://tokovi.istorije.rs/lat/uploaded/3-2006/2006_3_08_Ivankovic.pdf
UR  - https://www.jevrejskadigitalnabiblioteka.rs/handle/123456789/1377
UR  - http://tokovi.istorije.rs/lat/uploaded/3-2006/2006_3_08_Ivankovic.pdf
AB  - Na osnovu nekoliko novih, do sada nekorišćenih dokumenata, kao i relevantne postojeće literature, izvršili smo, u meri u kojoj je to bilo moguće, rekonstrukciju iseljavanja jevrejskih ratnih izbeglica iz Evrope u Palestinu, preko teritorije Jugoslavije, u periodu 1946-1947. godine. Posle Drugog svetskog rata, oslobođeni ratni zarobljenici mogli su slobodno da odluče da li će biti vraćeni u svoje domovine, da li će ostati u zemlji u kojoj su bili u vreme oslobođenja ili će se preseliti u drugu zemlju. Jedan broj jevrejskih vojnih ratnih zatvorenika i većina civilnih izbeglica - žrtava Holokausta - odlučili su da se presele u Palestinu. Budući da je Palestina u to vreme bila pod britanskim mandatom i da su Britanci nametnuli vrlo restriktivnu kvotu useljenja od 1.500 jevrejskih imigranata mesečno, bilo je očigledno da se bilo koja dodatna imigracija može realizovati samo na nezakonit način. Predstavnici Svetskog jevrejskog kongresa obratili su se, između ostalog, Vladi Jugoslavije moleći je da pomogne u organizovanju ilegalnog prevoza u Palestinu. Jugoslovenske vlasti su bile saglasne, prvo javno, a potom prećutno, pošto je međunarodna politika počela da bude sve složenija. Naime, sama Jugoslavija je u ovom trenutku bila toliko kritična za jevrejske izbeglice, u koliziji sa Engleskom oko statusa tršćanske teritorije. Ipak, u saradnji jugoslovenskih i jevrejskih zvaničnika, pronađeno je rešenje za taj problem tako što je jugoslovenska teritorija korišćena kao tranzitna ruta, a jugoslovenske jadranske luke kao luke za ukrcavanje za brodove koji su prevozili brojne jevrejske izbeglice do željenog odredišta - Palestine.
AB  - After the World War II, the freed war prisoners were free to decide whether they were to be repatriated to their homelands, to stay in the country where they were at the time of liberation, or to move to another country. A number of Jewish military war prisoners and most of the civilian refuges - the Holocaust victims - decided to move to Palestina. Since Palestina was under the British mandate at the time, and that British had imposed a very restrictive immigration quote of 1,500 Jew immigrants a month, it was obvious that any additional immigration could be realized by illegal means only. The World Jewish Congress representatives addressed, among the other, the Government of Yugoslavia asking them to help with organizing illegal transports to Palestina. Yugoslav authorities stood by, firstly in public and tacitly afterwards, since international politics started to be more and more complicated. Namely, Yugoslavia itself was, at the moment so critical for Jewish refugees, in collision with England over the Trieste territory status. Nevertheless, in cooperation of Yugoslav and Jewish officials, a solution to that problem was found so that Yugoslav territory was used as a transit route and Yugoslav Adriatic ports as boarding ports for boats carrying numerous Jewish refugees to the desired destination - Palestina.
PB  - Beograd : Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije
T2  - Tokovi istorije (Currents of History)
T1  - Odlazak jevrejskih izbeglica - žrtava Holokausta iz evropskih zemalja za Palestinu preko teritorije Jugoslavije 1946-1947. godine
T1  - Departure of Jewish Refugees - Holocaust Victims from European Countries to Palestina Through the Territory of Yugoslavia in 1946-1947
DO  - 10.31212/токови
SP  - 141
EP  - 152
IS  - 3
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ivanković, Mladenka",
year = "2006",
abstract = "Na osnovu nekoliko novih, do sada nekorišćenih dokumenata, kao i relevantne postojeće literature, izvršili smo, u meri u kojoj je to bilo moguće, rekonstrukciju iseljavanja jevrejskih ratnih izbeglica iz Evrope u Palestinu, preko teritorije Jugoslavije, u periodu 1946-1947. godine. Posle Drugog svetskog rata, oslobođeni ratni zarobljenici mogli su slobodno da odluče da li će biti vraćeni u svoje domovine, da li će ostati u zemlji u kojoj su bili u vreme oslobođenja ili će se preseliti u drugu zemlju. Jedan broj jevrejskih vojnih ratnih zatvorenika i većina civilnih izbeglica - žrtava Holokausta - odlučili su da se presele u Palestinu. Budući da je Palestina u to vreme bila pod britanskim mandatom i da su Britanci nametnuli vrlo restriktivnu kvotu useljenja od 1.500 jevrejskih imigranata mesečno, bilo je očigledno da se bilo koja dodatna imigracija može realizovati samo na nezakonit način. Predstavnici Svetskog jevrejskog kongresa obratili su se, između ostalog, Vladi Jugoslavije moleći je da pomogne u organizovanju ilegalnog prevoza u Palestinu. Jugoslovenske vlasti su bile saglasne, prvo javno, a potom prećutno, pošto je međunarodna politika počela da bude sve složenija. Naime, sama Jugoslavija je u ovom trenutku bila toliko kritična za jevrejske izbeglice, u koliziji sa Engleskom oko statusa tršćanske teritorije. Ipak, u saradnji jugoslovenskih i jevrejskih zvaničnika, pronađeno je rešenje za taj problem tako što je jugoslovenska teritorija korišćena kao tranzitna ruta, a jugoslovenske jadranske luke kao luke za ukrcavanje za brodove koji su prevozili brojne jevrejske izbeglice do željenog odredišta - Palestine., After the World War II, the freed war prisoners were free to decide whether they were to be repatriated to their homelands, to stay in the country where they were at the time of liberation, or to move to another country. A number of Jewish military war prisoners and most of the civilian refuges - the Holocaust victims - decided to move to Palestina. Since Palestina was under the British mandate at the time, and that British had imposed a very restrictive immigration quote of 1,500 Jew immigrants a month, it was obvious that any additional immigration could be realized by illegal means only. The World Jewish Congress representatives addressed, among the other, the Government of Yugoslavia asking them to help with organizing illegal transports to Palestina. Yugoslav authorities stood by, firstly in public and tacitly afterwards, since international politics started to be more and more complicated. Namely, Yugoslavia itself was, at the moment so critical for Jewish refugees, in collision with England over the Trieste territory status. Nevertheless, in cooperation of Yugoslav and Jewish officials, a solution to that problem was found so that Yugoslav territory was used as a transit route and Yugoslav Adriatic ports as boarding ports for boats carrying numerous Jewish refugees to the desired destination - Palestina.",
publisher = "Beograd : Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije",
journal = "Tokovi istorije (Currents of History)",
title = "Odlazak jevrejskih izbeglica - žrtava Holokausta iz evropskih zemalja za Palestinu preko teritorije Jugoslavije 1946-1947. godine, Departure of Jewish Refugees - Holocaust Victims from European Countries to Palestina Through the Territory of Yugoslavia in 1946-1947",
doi = "10.31212/токови",
pages = "141-152",
number = "3"
}

Ivanković, M.. (2006). Odlazak jevrejskih izbeglica - žrtava Holokausta iz evropskih zemalja za Palestinu preko teritorije Jugoslavije 1946-1947. godine. in Tokovi istorije (Currents of History)
Beograd : Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije.(3), 141-152.
https://doi.org/10.31212/токови

Ivanković M. Odlazak jevrejskih izbeglica - žrtava Holokausta iz evropskih zemalja za Palestinu preko teritorije Jugoslavije 1946-1947. godine. in Tokovi istorije (Currents of History). 2006;(3):141-152.
doi:10.31212/токови .

Ivanković, Mladenka, "Odlazak jevrejskih izbeglica - žrtava Holokausta iz evropskih zemalja za Palestinu preko teritorije Jugoslavije 1946-1947. godine" in Tokovi istorije (Currents of History), no. 3 (2006):141-152,
https://doi.org/10.31212/токови . .